酰胺修饰杂化硅胶整体柱的制备及其在莱克多巴胺检测中的应用

以氧化琼脂糖（AG）和四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）为前驱体,通过溶胶－凝胶法制备 AG/SiO2整体柱,利 用酰胺化反应对整体柱进行酰胺基团修饰。通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、N2 吸附－脱附和扫描电镜（SEM）等表征手段对所制备材料的结构和形貌进行分析。结果显示酰胺基团被成功修 饰至整体柱,该材料具有良好的通透性及较大的比表面积。以其为固相微萃取介质对羊肉中的莱克多巴胺进 行萃取富集,在优化的样品前处理条件下,采用基质添加标准曲线法,结合高效液相色谱－紫外（HPLC－ UV）检测,建立了羊肉中痕量莱克多巴胺的分析方法。该方法在 1. 94～1 170 ng/g范围内线性良好,相关系 数（r 2 ）为 0. 993 1,检出限（LOD）和定量下限（LOQ）分别为0. 618、1. 94 ng/g,3个不同加标水平下样品的平均回 收率为86. 6%～103%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n = 5）为4. 8%～7. 3%。该方法具有检出限低、回收率高、样品用 量少等特点,可用于羊肉中痕量莱克多巴胺的灵敏检测。     

功能肽段介导的铜离子荧光传感器的构建及应用

铜离子是导致多种疾病(如阿尔茨海默病、朊病毒病和肌萎缩性侧索硬化症等)的重要因素。当前已有针对铜离子检测的相关报道,但基于多肽与铜离子相互作用的荧光传感器鲜有关注。该文依据淀粉样蛋白与铜离子特异性结合的特点,利用已知的淀粉样蛋白组成单元,设计出能与铜离子有序配位的多肽分子(DDAEGHARHCR)。同时,借助于“多肽-铜离子-钙黄绿素”三元竞争体系,构建出铜离子的荧光恢复性传感器。铜离子能有效地猝灭钙黄绿素的荧光信号。而当向钙黄绿素-铜离子体系引入功能肽段时,肽段凭借更强的结合能力将铜离子夺取出来,极大地恢复体系的荧光信号,进而完成对铜离子的传感检测。在对体系的反应温度、反应时间、pH值、钙黄绿素浓度等实验参数进行优化后,实现了对环境水样中铜离子的高灵敏检测。该方法对铜离子检出限为127 nmol/L,线性范围为0.12~13 μmol/L,具有简单、快速、高效、稳定性好等特点,满足环境水样的检测需求,在水体中铜离子含量的监测与分析方面展现出良好的应用潜力。     

疏水性低共熔溶剂液液微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定豆奶中三嗪类和苯脲类除草剂

该文建立了一种简单、高效的新型疏水性低共熔溶剂液液微萃取法,用于提取和富集市售包装豆奶中的三嗪类（阿特拉津、去草净）和苯脲类（灭草隆、绿麦隆）除草剂,并结合高效液相色谱对目标分析物进行分离和测定。以六氟异丙醇为氢键供体,四丁基氯化铵为氢键受体,按照不同摩尔比制备了一系列疏水性低共熔溶剂,并对影响萃取效果的实验条件进行了优化,包括低共熔溶剂的种类及用量、氯化钠用量、涡旋时间、pH值和温度。结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,4种目标物在1.00～500.00 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系（r ≥ 0.998 4）,检出限和定量下限分别为0.56～0.95 μg/L和1.87～3.16 μg/L,日内和日间相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为0.28%～2.0%和2.1%～7.5%,加标回收率为86.4%～117%。该方法具有操作简单快速、萃取时间短、试剂用量少和实验成本低等优点,可用于市售包装豆奶中三嗪类和苯脲类除草剂的分析检测。     

Multilayer Porous Vanadium Nitride Microsheets Anodes for Highly Stable Na-ion Batteries

Sodiumion batteries(SIBs)have attracted intensive attention as promising alternative to lithium-ionbatteries(LIBs)for large scale energy storage systems because of low cost of sodium,similar energy storage mechanism and the reasonable performance.However,it is still a great challenge to search and design a robust structure of anode materials with excellent cycling stability and high rate capability for SIBs.Herein,multilayer porous vanadium nitride(VN)microsheets are synthesized through a facile and scalable hydrothermal synthesis-nitrogenization strategy as an effective anode material for SIBs.The multilayer porous VN microsheets not only offer more active sites for fast Na+insertion/extraction process and short diffusion pathway,but also effectively buffer the volume change of anode due to more space in the multilayer porous structure.The large proportions of capacitive behavior imply that the Na+charge storage depends on the intercalation pseudocapacitive mechanism.The multilayer porous VN microsheets electrodes manifest excellent cycling stability and rate capability,delivering a discharge capacity of 156.1 mA·h/g at 200 mA/g after 100 cycles,and a discharge capacity of 111.9 mA·h/g at 1.0 A/g even after 2300 cycles with the Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%.     

Preparation and Properties of Electrospun Sheath-core Modified-PMMA Nanofibers with Photoluminescence and Photochromic Functions

Multi-functional nanofibers are playing an important role in the optical field, and are widely used in fluorescence indication, product anti-counterfeit identification and smart clothing. Nanofibers with photoluminescence and photochromic functions are already attracting more interest from researchers. In this work, based on electrospun technology, the modified-PMMA nanofibers[PMMA=poly(methyl methacrylate)] with photoluminescence and photochromic functions were prepared through the design of the sheath-core structure(SCNFs 1-4). Compared with other samples, SCNF-4 shows outstanding photoluminescence and photochromic functions. SCNF-4 can produce green light and its fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime can reach 7144 a.u. and 1031.32 μs, respectively. In photochromic functions, SCNF-4 can show purple in 1 min under the 365 nm ultraviolet light, and the color can be preserved for more than 4 h under the sunlight. When SCNF-4 is irradiated by far infrared light, the color of the samples can fade quickly in 40 s. Under the irradiation of ultraviolet light of different wavelengths, SCNF-4 can display multi-color fluorescence and achieve a reversible transition between white and purple. The design of the sheath-core structure realizes the complementarity of photoluminescence and photochromic functions of the electrospun modified-PMMA nanofibers, which is important to promote the wide application of multi-functional nanofibers in the optical field.     

Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of Self-assembled Superstructures

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) is a molecular specific spectroscopic technique that amplifies the Raman signal of absorbed molecules for up to 10¹⁰times. Over the past decades, SERS substrates experienced rapid growth, resulting in excellent development for SERS analysis. Because the surface plasmonic resonance coupling between individual materials can form a "hotspot" region to maximize the Raman signal, among many substrate construction strategies, self-assembly attracts more attention in constructing superstructures with strong, uniform and stable SERS activity. In addition, a number of plasmon-free nanomaterials with appropriate superstructures samely show enhanced SERS activity, which is primarily attributed to the formation of the optical resonator. This review aims to provide a scientific synopsis on the progress of self-assembled superstructures for SERS and ignite new dis˗ coveries in the SERS platform, as well as SERS applications in various fields.     

三(3,5-二氟苄基)氯化锡和四(邻氯苄基)锡的合成、晶体结构及量子化学

3,5-二氟苄基氯和邻氯基苄基氯在适当的溶剂中与锡粉反应,合成了三(3,5-二氟苄基)氯化锡(1)和四(邻氯苄基)锡(2),经X射线衍射方法测定了新化合物的晶体结构。化合物1属单斜晶系,空间群为C2/c,晶体学参数:a=1.858 33(11)nm,b=1.140 98(7)nm,c=2.690 06(16)nm,β=109.288(10)°,V=5.383 6(6)nm3,Z=8,Dc=1.532 g·cm~(-3),μ(Mo Kα)=13.61 cm~(-1),F(000)=2 480,R1=0.085 1,wR~2=0.168 1。化合物2属单斜晶系,空间群为P21/m,晶体学参数:a=0.585 54(5)nm,b=1.969 74(18)nm,c=0.857 86(8)nm,β=95.204 0(10)°,V=0.985 34(15)nm3,Z=2,Dc=1.805 g·cm~(-3),μ(Mo Kα)=14.91 cm-1,F(000)=524,R1=0.054 0,wR_2=0.163 9;中心锡原子为畸变四面体构型。对其结构进行量子化学从头计算,探讨了化合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量以及部分前沿分子轨道的组成特征。测定了化合物的热稳定性。     

两个具有Sn_4O_4梯状结构二丁基锡羧酸酯的微波溶剂热合成、结构和体外抗癌活性

在甲醇微波溶剂热中,二丁基氧化锡分别与4-甲基苯甲酸、4-二甲氨基苯甲酸反应,合成了2个具有梯形结构的二丁基锡羧酸酯[(μ3-O)(μ2-OMe)(n-Bu2Sn)2(O2CR)]2(R=4-Me-C6H4(1),4-Me2N-C6H4(2)),并对其进行了元素分析、IR和(1H,13C和119Sn)NMR光谱表征。X射线晶体衍射分析表明,化合物1、2具有Sn4O4构筑的3个四元环梯形骨架平面结构,μ3-O桥联2个环内梯锡和1个环梯端锡原子,此外,甲醇氧还以μ2-O桥联1个环内梯锡和1个环梯端锡原子,锡与配基原子构成畸形三角双锥六面体。化合物对人结肠癌(HT-29)、肝癌细胞(Hep G2)、乳腺癌(MCF-7)、鼻咽癌(KB)和肺癌细胞(A549)均显示出比临床使用的顺铂还强的抗癌活性。     

金@氧缺陷二氧化钛核壳纳米颗粒的制备及光催化产氢

通过水解TiCl_3在金纳米颗粒外表生长TiO_2,然后在Ar/H2气氛中高温煅烧成功地合成了核壳形貌的Au@H-TiO_2缺陷结构。采用XRD、TEM、XPS、UV-Vis测试方法对产物的物相结构、形貌及光吸收能力做了系统的分析。与不存在缺陷态的TiO_2和Au@A-TiO_2相比,Au@H-TiO_2表现出最高的产氢速率,这可以归因于其电荷分离效率的提高和电荷转移阻抗的降低,瞬态光电流测试以及电化学阻抗数据证实了这一结论。这些性能的改进可能与Au@H-TiO_2中的Ti~(3+)自掺杂和Au修饰有关。     

功能化金属有机骨架材料去除饮用水污染物的研究进展

金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料是一类以过渡金属为中心、含杂原子的有机物为配体、通过配位作用形成的周期性网络多孔晶体材料。与其他的多孔材料相比,MOFs配体种类繁多,比表面积极大,孔径大小可调控且具有特殊(饱和或不饱和)的金属位点,在气体存储、催化、吸附与分离等领域有广阔的应用前景。近年来,功能化MOFs对污染物的富集和去除成为学者关注的热点。这是由于通过对MOFs进行功能化修饰,能够改变MOFs的孔径大小、表面带电性质等物化性质,从而实现对目标物更高效的吸附。该文综述了近年来功能化MOFs对饮用水污染物吸附的研究进展,包括饮用水污染物的类型及危害、功能化MOFs的制备方法以及去除饮用水污染物的应用,并对今后的发展前景进行了展望。